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What should you do in case of 0x error? Here are all windows. What should you do if white screen of death appears? Step-by-step guide on how to work with Windows ink: connecting, customizing, disabling Having hard drive error code ? The folder is empty but files are still there Windows10 What should you do in case of 0xcf error? Click Run Run Once. Configure other Run Once options as required.

See Virtual Machine Run Once settings explained for more details. Click OK. The status of the virtual machine changes to Up , and the operating system installation begins. Open a console to the virtual machine if one does not open automatically during the Windows installation. When prompted to select a drive onto which you want to install Windows, click Load driver and OK. Under Select the driver to install , select the appropriate driver for the version of Windows.

To install the guest agents, tools, and drivers on a Windows virtual machine, complete the following steps:. You can complete the installation with either the GUI or the command line. When installation is complete, select Yes, I want to restart my computer now and click Finish to apply the changes. For example, to run the installation when virtio-win-gt-x After installation completes, the guest agents and drivers pass usage information to the oVirt Engine and enable you to access USB devices and other functionality.

When installing virtio-win-gt-x Other values are listed in the following tables. Controls the amount of memory a virtual machine actually accesses. Supports multiple monitors, responsible for client-mouse-mode support, reduces bandwidth usage, enables clipboard support between client and virtual machine, provide a better user experience and improved responsiveness.

Updating the Guest Agents and Drivers on Windows. Windows Installer. Command-Line Options for the Windows installer. Property Reference for the Windows installer. This file contains default values such as os. Configuring the sysprep path for a Windows virtual machine for example, os. Do not edit the actual defaults. Changes will be overwritten if you upgrade or restore the Engine. Do not change values that come directly from the operating system or the Engine, such as maximum memory size. For example, productkeys.

The last file in the file list has precedence over earlier files. Configuring single sign-on, also known as password delegation, allows you to automatically log in to a virtual machine using the credentials you use to log in to the VM Portal. Single sign-on can be used on both Enterprise Linux and Windows virtual machines. If single sign-on to the VM Portal is enabled, single sign-on to virtual machines will not be possible.

With single sign-on to the VM Portal enabled, the VM Portal does not need to accept a password, thus the password cannot be delegated to sign in to virtual machines. To configure single sign-on for Enterprise Linux virtual machines using GNOME and KDE graphical desktop environments and IPA IdM servers, you must install the ovirt-guest-agent package on the virtual machine and install the packages associated with your window manager.

Single sign-on with IPA IdM is deprecated for virtual machines running Enterprise Linux version 7 or earlier and unsupported for virtual machines running Enterprise Linux 8 or Windows operating systems. Run the following command and follow the prompts to configure ipa-client and join the virtual machine to the domain:. Enterprise Linux 7.

This command ensures that single sign-on works. Log in to the VM Portal using the user name and password of a user configured to use single sign-on and connect to the console of the virtual machine. You will be logged in automatically. To configure single sign-on for Windows virtual machines, the Windows guest agent must be installed on the guest virtual machine.

The virtio-win ISO image provides this agent. After the tools have been installed, you will be prompted to restart the machine to apply the changes.

USB redirection can be manually enabled each time a device is plugged in or set to automatically redirect to active virtual machines in the Console Options window. Note the distinction between the client machine and guest machine. The client is the hardware from which you access a guest. The guest is the virtual desktop or virtual server which is accessed through the VM Portal or Administration Portal.

Virtual guest machines require no guest-installed agents or drivers for native USB. On Enterprise Linux clients, all packages required for USB redirection are provided by the virt-viewer package. On Windows clients, you must also install the usbdk package. Enabled USB mode is supported on the following clients and guests:. If you have a bit architecture PC, you must use the bit version of Internet Explorer to install the bit version of the USB driver.

The USB redirection will not work if you install the bit version on a bit architecture. As long as you initially install the correct USB type, you can access USB redirection from both and bit browsers. The usbdk driver must be installed on the Windows client for the USB device to be redirected to the guest. Ensure the version of usbdk matches the architecture of the client machine.

For example, the bit version of usbdk must be installed on bit Windows machines. Click Console Console Options. Start the virtual machine from the VM Portal and click Console to connect to that virtual machine. Plug your USB device into the client machine to make it appear automatically on the guest machine. This opens the Edit Virtual Machine window. A maximum of four displays can be configured for a single Enterprise Linux virtual machine when connecting to the virtual machine using the SPICE protocol.

If no other displays are enabled, disabling this display will close the session. A maximum of four displays can be configured for a single Windows virtual machine when connecting to the virtual machine using the SPICE protocol.

This setting controls the maximum number of displays that can be enabled for the virtual machine. While the virtual machine is running, additional displays can be enabled up to this number. Connection protocols are the underlying technology used to provide graphical consoles for virtual machines and allow users to work with virtual machines in a similar way as they would with physical machines.

Remote Desktop Protocol RDP can only be used to open consoles to Windows virtual machines, and is only available when you access a virtual machines from a Windows machine on which Remote Desktop has been installed.

Before you can connect to a Windows virtual machine using RDP, you must set up remote sharing on the virtual machine and configure the firewall to allow remote desktop connections. You can configure several options for opening graphical consoles for virtual machines in the Administration Portal. Click Compute Virtual Machines and select a running virtual machine. You can configure the connection protocols and video type in the Console tab of the Edit Virtual Machine window in the Administration Portal.

Additional options specific to each of the connection protocols, such as the keyboard layout when using the VNC connection protocol, can be configured. See Virtual Machine Console settings explained for more information. If this option is not selected, USB devices will connect to the client machine instead of the guest virtual machine. Open in Full Screen : Select this check box for the virtual machine console to automatically open in full screen when you connect to the virtual machine.

When the VNC connection protocol is selected, the following options are available in the Console Options window. Native Client : When you connect to the console of the virtual machine, a file download dialog provides you with a file that opens a console to the virtual machine via Remote Viewer.

When the RDP connection protocol is selected, the following options are available in the Console Options window. Native client : When you connect to the console of the virtual machine, a file download dialog provides you with a file that opens a console to the virtual machine via Remote Desktop.

Use Local Drives : Select this check box to make the drives on the client machine accessible on the guest virtual machine.

When you specify the Native client console invocation option, you will connect to virtual machines using Remote Viewer. The Remote Viewer window provides a number of options for interacting with the virtual machine to which it is connected. Screenshot : Takes a screen capture of the active window and saves it in a location of your specification.

Quit : Closes the console. Full screen : Toggles full screen mode on or off. When enabled, full screen mode expands the virtual machine to fill the entire screen. When disabled, the virtual machine is displayed as a window. Zoom : Zooms in and out of the console window. Automatically resize : Select to enable the guest resolution to automatically scale according to the size of the console window.

Displays : Allows users to enable and disable displays for the guest virtual machine. On a Windows virtual machine, it displays the task manager or Windows Security dialog. On a Windows virtual machine, it does nothing. Printscreen : Passes the Printscreen keyboard option to the virtual machine. The About entry displays the version details of Virtual Machine Viewer that you are using. You can access the hotkeys for a virtual machine in both full screen mode and windowed mode.

If you are using full screen mode, you can display the menu containing the button for hotkeys by moving the mouse pointer to the middle of the top of the screen.

If you are using windowed mode, you can access the hotkeys via the Send key menu on the virtual machine window title bar. If vdagent is not running on the client machine, the mouse can become captured in a virtual machine window if it is used inside a virtual machine and the virtual machine is not in full screen. If you are prompted to download a console. In the VM Portal, click the virtual machine name and click the pencil icon beside Console.

Change the console invocation method to Native client and click OK. Attempt to open a console to the virtual machine, then click Save when prompted to open or save the console.

Double-click the console. In the Open with window, select Always use the selected program to open this kind of file and click the Browse button. When you use the native client console invocation option to open a console to a virtual machine, Remote Viewer will automatically use the console. Select an action from the Watchdog Action drop-down list. This is the action that the virtual machine takes when the watchdog is triggered. To activate a watchdog card attached to a virtual machine, you must install the watchdog package on that virtual machine and start the watchdog service.

Confirm that a watchdog card has been attached to a virtual machine and that the watchdog service is active. This procedure is provided for testing the functionality of watchdogs only and must not be run on production machines. The watchdog timer can no longer be reset, so the watchdog counter reaches zero after a short period of time.

When the watchdog counter reaches zero, the action specified in the Watchdog Action drop-down menu for that virtual machine is performed. To configure an option, you must uncomment that option and restart the watchdog service after saving the changes. For a more detailed explanation of options for configuring the watchdog service and using the watchdog command, see the watchdog man page.

An IP address that the watchdog attempts to ping to verify whether that address is reachable. You can specify multiple IP addresses by adding additional ping lines. A network interface that the watchdog will monitor to verify the presence of network traffic. You can specify multiple network interfaces by adding additional interface lines.

A file on the local system that the watchdog will monitor for changes. You can specify multiple files by adding additional file lines. The number of watchdog intervals after which the watchdog checks for changes to files.

A change line must be specified on the line directly after each file line, and applies to the file line directly above that change line. The maximum average load that the virtual machine can sustain over a one-minute period. If this average is exceeded, then the watchdog is triggered. A value of 0 disables this feature. The maximum average load that the virtual machine can sustain over a five-minute period. By default, the value of this variable is set to a value approximately three quarters that of max-load The maximum average load that the virtual machine can sustain over a fifteen-minute period.

By default, the value of this variable is set to a value approximately one half that of max-load The minimum amount of virtual memory that must remain free on the virtual machine.

This value is measured in pages. The path and file name of a binary file on the local system that will be run when the watchdog is triggered. If the specified file resolves the issues preventing the watchdog from resetting the watchdog counter, then the watchdog action is not triggered.

The path and file name of a binary file on the local system that the watchdog will attempt to run during each interval. A test binary allows you to specify a file for running user-defined tests. The time limit, in seconds, for which user-defined tests can run. A value of 0 allows user-defined tests to continue for an unlimited duration. The path to and name of a device for checking the temperature of the machine on which the watchdog service is running.

The maximum allowed temperature for the machine on which the watchdog service is running. The machine will be halted if this temperature is reached.

Unit conversion is not taken into account, so you must specify a value that matches the watchdog card being used. The interval, in seconds, between updates to the watchdog device. The watchdog device expects an update at least once every minute, and if there are no updates over a one-minute period, then the watchdog is triggered.

This one-minute period is hard-coded into the drivers for the watchdog device, and cannot be configured. When verbose logging is enabled for the watchdog service, the watchdog service periodically writes log messages to the local system. The logtick value represents the number of watchdog intervals after which a message is written. Specifies whether the watchdog is locked in memory. A value of yes locks the watchdog in memory so that it is not swapped out of memory, while a value of no allows the watchdog to be swapped out of memory.

If the watchdog is swapped out of memory and is not swapped back in before the watchdog counter reaches zero, then the watchdog is triggered. The schedule priority when the value of realtime is set to yes. The path and file name of a PID file that the watchdog monitors to see if the corresponding process is still active. If the corresponding process is not active, then the watchdog is triggered. As a result, the resources backing a large virtual machine that cannot fit within a single host socket could be spread out across multiple NUMA nodes.

Over time these resources may be moved around, leading to poor and unpredictable performance. Configure and pin virtual NUMA nodes to avoid this outcome and improve performance. To confirm whether NUMA is enabled on a host, log in to the host and run numactl –hardware. The output of this command should show at least two NUMA nodes. This button is only available when the selected host has at least two NUMA nodes. Select the Specific Host s radio button and select the host s from the list.

The selected host s must have at least two NUMA nodes. In the Administration Portal, you can configure a virtual machine to display the available errata. The virtual machine needs to be associated with a Red Hat Satellite server to show available errata. The Engine and any virtual machines on which you want to view errata must all be registered in the Satellite server by their respective FQDNs. This ensures that external content host IDs do not need to be maintained in oVirt.

The host that the virtual machine runs on also needs to be configured to receive errata information from Satellite. The virtual machine must have the ovirt-guest-agent package installed. This package enables the virtual machine to report its host name to the oVirt Engine, which enables the Red Hat Satellite server to identify the virtual machine as a content host and report the applicable errata.

The Katello agent is deprecated and will be removed in a future Satellite version. Migrate your processes to use the remote execution feature to update clients remotely. Setting up Satellite errata viewing for a host in the Administration Guide. You can configure a headless virtual machine when it is not necessary to access the machine via a graphical console.

This headless machine will run without graphical and video devices. This can be useful in situations where the host has limited resources, or to comply with virtual machine usage requirements such as real-time virtual machines. Headless virtual machines can be administered via a Serial Console, SSH, or any other service for command line access.

Headless mode is applied via the Console tab when creating or editing virtual machines and machine pools, and when editing templates. It is also available when creating or editing instance types. If you are creating a new headless virtual machine, you can use the Run Once window to access the virtual machine via a graphical console for the first run only. To set console mode, comment out the spashimage flag in the GRUB menu configuration file:. Restart the virtual machine if it is running when selecting the Headless Mode option.

Select Headless Mode. All other fields in the Graphical Console section are disabled. Optionally, select Enable VirtIO serial console to enable communicating with the virtual machine via serial console. This is highly recommended. Reboot the virtual machine if it is running.

See Rebooting a Virtual Machine. You can configure a virtual machine for high performance, so that it runs with performance metrics as close to bare metal as possible.

When you choose high performance optimization, the virtual machine is configured with a set of automatic, and recommended manual, settings for maximum efficiency. The high performance option is only accessible in the Administration Portal, by selecting High Performance from the Optimized for dropdown list in the Edit or New virtual machine, template, or pool window. This option is not available in the VM Portal. The high performance option is supported by oVirt 4.

It is not available for earlier versions. If you change the optimization mode of a running virtual machine to high performance, some configuration changes require restarting the virtual machine. To change the optimization mode of a new or existing virtual machine to high performance, you may need to make manual changes to the cluster and to the pinned host configuration first.

A high performance virtual machine has certain limitations, because enhanced performance has a trade-off in decreased flexibility:. High performance templates and pools are created and edited in the same way as virtual machines.

If a high performance template or pool is used to create new virtual machines, those virtual machines inherits this property and its configurations. Certain settings, however, are not inherited and must be set manually:. Selecting this option automatically performs certain configuration changes to this virtual machine, which you can view by clicking different tabs. You can change them back to their original settings or override them. If you change a setting, its latest value is saved.

See Configuring the Recommended Manual Settings for details. Alternatively, click OK to ignore the recommendations. The result may be a drop in the level of performance. You can view the optimization type in the General tab of the details view of the virtual machine, pool, or template.

Certain configurations can override the high performance settings. For example, if you select an instance type for a virtual machine before selecting High Performance from the Optimized for drop-down menu and performing the manual configuration, the instance type configuration will not affect the high performance configuration.

If, however, you select the instance type after the high performance configurations, you should verify the final configuration in the different tabs to ensure that the high performance configurations have not been overridden by the instance type. The following table summarizes the automatic settings. The Applies to column indicates the relevant resources:. Highly Available is not automatically enabled.

If you select it manually, high availability should be enabled for pinned hosts only. Otherwise, a warning will appear in the engine log. The following icons indicate the states of a high performance virtual machine in the Compute Virtual Machines screen. You can configure the recommended manual settings in either the New or the Edit windows.

The following table summarizes the recommended manual settings. See Virtual Machine Resource Allocation settings explained for information about the syntax of this field.

CPU-intensive workloads perform best when the host and virtual machine expect the same cache usage. CPU pinning can only be set for virtual machines and pools, but not for templates. Therefore, you must set CPU pinning manually whenever you create a high performance virtual machine or pool, even if they are based on a high performance template.

In the Host tab, select the Specific Host s radio button and select the host s from the list. The IO and emulator threads pinning topology. NUMA pinning can only be set for virtual machines, not for pools or templates. You must set NUMA pinning manually when you create a high performance virtual machine based on a template. Huge pages are pre-allocated when a virtual machine starts to run dynamic allocation is disabled by default. You should set the huge page size to the largest size supported by the pinned host.

Requires a kernel command line in the Edit Host configuration in the Administraion Portal. See Custom kernel command line. Click Compute Clusters and select the cluster. It features mappings that are valid for Windows and non-Windows time zones. Do not edit the actual timezone. For example, timezone. Add new time zones to that file. Be sure each key is a valid General time zone from the time zone database and the value is a valid Windows time zone:. Changes to storage, operating system, or networking parameters can adversely affect the virtual machine.

Ensure that you have the correct details before attempting to make any changes. Virtual machines can be edited while running, and some changes listed in the procedure below will be applied immediately. To apply all other changes, the virtual machine must be shut down and restarted. External virtual machines marked with the prefix external cannot be edited through the oVirt Engine.

Memory Size Edit this field to hot plug virtual memory. See Hot Plugging Virtual Memory. See CPU hot plug. Some changes are applied immediately. All other changes are applied when you shut down and restart your virtual machine. Until then, the pending changes icon appears as a reminder to restart the virtual machine. You can add multiple network interfaces to virtual machines.

Doing so allows you to put your virtual machine on multiple logical networks. You can create an overlay network for your virtual machines, isolated from the hosts, by defining a logical network that is not attached to the physical interfaces of the host.

For example, you can create a DMZ environment, in which the virtual machines communicate among themselves over the bridge created in the host. The overlay network uses OVN, which must be installed as an external network provider. See the Administration Guide for more information.

Select the Profile and the Type of network interface from the drop-down lists. The Profile and Type drop-down lists are populated in accordance with the profiles and network types available to the cluster and the network interface cards available to the virtual machine.

The new network interface is listed in the Network Interfaces tab in the details view of the virtual machine. The Link State is set to Up by default when the network interface card is defined on the virtual machine and connected to the network. In order to change any network settings, you must edit the network interface. This procedure can be performed on virtual machines that are running, but some actions can be performed only on virtual machines that are not running.

Change settings as required. See Adding a Network Interface. You can hot plug network interfaces. Hot plugging means enabling and disabling devices while a virtual machine is running. Set the Card Status to Plugged to enable the network interface, or set it to Unplugged to disable the network interface. You can configure the ovirt-guest-agent on a virtual machine to ignore certain NICs. This prevents IP addresses associated with network interfaces created by certain software from appearing in reports.

You must specify the name and number of the network interface you want to ignore for example, eth0 , docker0. See Creating a template from an existing virtual machine for details. Image is the default type of disk. You can also add a Direct LUN disk. Image disk creation is managed entirely by the Engine. Direct LUN disks require externally prepared targets that already exist. Existing disks are either floating disks or shareable disks attached to virtual machines.

Use the drop-down lists and check boxes to configure the disk. See Add Virtual Disk dialogue entries for more details on the fields for all disk types. Floating disks can minimize the amount of time required to set up virtual machines. Floating disks can be attached to a single virtual machine, or to multiple virtual machines if the disk is shareable. Each virtual machine that uses the shared disk can use a different disk interface type. Select one or more virtual disks from the list of available disks and select the required interface from the Interface drop-down.

No Quota resources are consumed by attaching virtual disks to, or detaching virtual disks from, virtual machines. You can extend the available size of a virtual disk while the virtual disk is attached to a virtual machine. Resizing a virtual disk does not resize the underlying partitions or file systems on that virtual disk. Use the fdisk utility to resize the partitions and file systems as required.

See How to Resize a Partition using fdisk for more information. When the resizing of the drive is complete, the status of the drive becomes OK. You can hot plug virtual disks. Hot plugging means enabling or disabling devices while a virtual machine is running. Click More Actions , then click Activate to enable the disk, or Deactivate to disable the disk. Click More Actions , then click Deactivate. Optionally, select the Remove Permanently check box to completely remove the virtual disk from the environment.

If you do not select this option – for example, because the disk is a shared disk – the virtual disk will remain in Storage Disks. If the disk was created as block storage, for example iSCSI, and the Wipe After Delete check box was selected when creating the disk, you can view the log file on the host to confirm that the data has been wiped after permanently removing the disk.

If the disk was created as block storage, for example iSCSI, and the Discard After Delete check box was selected on the storage domain before the disk was removed, a blkdiscard command is called on the logical volume when it is removed and the underlying storage is notified that the blocks are free. A blkdiscard is also called on the logical volume when a virtual disk is removed if the virtual disk is attached to at least one virtual machine with the Enable Discard check box selected.

Click Storage Domains. Select one or more disk images and click Import. This opens the Import Disk s window. You can import floating virtual disks from a storage domain. Floating disks created outside of a oVirt environment are not registered with the Engine. Scan the storage domain to identify unregistered floating disks to be imported.

You can hot plug virtual memory. Each time memory is hot plugged, it appears as a new memory device in the Vm Devices tab in the details view of the virtual machine, up to a maximum of 16 available slots. If the hot plug fails for example, if there are no more available slots , the memory increase will be applied when the virtual machine is restarted.

If you might need to later hot unplug the memory that you are now hot plugging, see Hot Unplugging Virtual Memory. Increase the Memory Size by entering the total amount required.

Memory can be added in multiples of MB. By default, the maximum memory allowed for the virtual machine is set to 4x the memory size specified. Though the value is changed in the user interface, the maximum value is not hot plugged, and you will see the pending changes icon.

To avoid that, you can change the maximum memory back to the original value. This action opens the Pending Virtual Machine changes window, as some values such as maxMemorySizeMb and minAllocatedMem will not change until the virtual machine is restarted.

However, the hot plug action is triggered by the change to the Memory Size value, which can be applied immediately. You can see the newly added memory device in the Vm Devices tab in the details view. You can hot unplug virtual memory. Hot unplugging disables devices while a virtual machine is running.

The virtual machine must not have a memory balloon device enabled. This feature is disabled by default. In virtual machines running up-to-date versions of Enterprise Linux or CoreOS, this rule is set by default.

For more information, see Setting kernel command-line parameters in the RHEL 8 document Managing, monitoring and updating the kernel. In the Hot Unplug column, click Hot Unplug beside the memory device to be removed. The Physical Memory Guaranteed value for the virtual machine is decremented automatically if necessary.

You can hot plug vCPUs. See the table below for support details. Windows virtual machines must have the guest agents installed.

Virtual machines can be pinned to multiple hosts. Multi-host pinning allows a virtual machine to run on a specific subset of hosts within a cluster, instead of one specific host or all hosts in the cluster.

The virtual machine cannot run on any other hosts in the cluster even if all of the specified hosts are unavailable.

Multi-host pinning can be used to limit virtual machines to hosts with, for example, the same physical hardware configuration. If a host fails, a highly available virtual machine is automatically restarted on one of the other hosts to which the virtual machine is pinned. Select the Specific Host s radio button under Start Running On and select two or more hosts from the list.

Select Low , Medium , or High from the Priority drop-down list. When migration is triggered, a queue is created in which the high priority virtual machines are migrated first. If a cluster is running low on resources, only the high priority virtual machines are migrated. You can view virtual machines pinned to a host even while the virtual machines are offline. Use the Pinned to Host list to see which virtual machines will be affected and which virtual machines will require a manual restart after the host becomes active again.

Click Compute Hosts. Procedure from the list to eject the CD currently accessible to the virtual machine. Smart cards are an external hardware security feature, most commonly seen in credit cards, but also used by many businesses as authentication tokens. Smart cards can be used to protect oVirt virtual machines. Click the Console tab and select the Smartcard enabled check box. Connect to the running virtual machine by clicking the Console button. Smart card authentication is now passed from the client hardware to the virtual machine.

If the Smart card hardware is not correctly installed, enabling the Smart card feature will result in the virtual machine failing to load properly. Click the Console tab, and clear the Smartcard enabled check box.

Smart cards may require certain libraries in order to access their certificates. These libraries must be visible to the NSS library, which spice-gtk uses to provide the smart card to the guest. For instance, if you have only the 32b PKCS 11 library available, you must install the 32b build of virt-viewer in order for smart cards to work.

Enterprise Linux provides support for Smart cards. Install the Smart card support group. If the Smart Card Support group is installed on a Enterprise Linux system, smart cards are redirected to the guest when Smart Cards are enabled. Enterprise Linux provides a system-wide registry of pkcs11 modules in the pkit , and these are accessible to all applications. To register the third party PKCS 11 library in the pkit database, run the following command as root:. Libraries that provide PKCS 11 support must be obtained from third parties.

When such libraries are obtained, register them by running the following command as a user with elevated privileges:. You can turn off a virtual machine using Shutdown or Power Off. Shutdown gracefully shuts down a virtual machine. Power Off executes a hard shutdown. A graceful shutdown is usually preferable to a hard shutdown. If an exclamation point appears next to the virtual machine, a snapshot deletion process has failed, and you may not be able to restart the machine after shutting it down.

Try to delete the snapshot again and ensure that the explanation mark disappears before shutting down the virtual machine. See Deleting a snapshot for more information. Click Shutdown or right-click the virtual machine and select Shutdown from the pop-up menu. Optionally in the Administration Portal, enter a Reason for shutting down the virtual machine in the Shut down Virtual Machine s confirmation window.

This allows you to provide an explanation for the shutdown, which will appear in the logs and when the virtual machine is powered on again. The virtual machine shutdown Reason field will only appear if it has been enabled in the cluster settings. If the virtual machine gracefully shuts down, the Status of the virtual machine changes to Down.

If the virtual machine does not gracefully shut down, click the down arrow next to Shutdown and then click Power Off to execute a hard shutdown, or right-click the virtual machine and select Power Off from the pop-up menu. Suspending a virtual machine is equal to placing that virtual machine into Hibernate mode. Click Suspend or right-click the virtual machine and select Suspend from the pop-up menu. Several situations can occur where you need to reboot the virtual machine, such as after an update or configuration change.

If a guest operating system can not be loaded or has become unresponsive, you need to reset the virtual machine. Click Reboot or right-click the virtual machine and select Reboot from the pop-up menu. Click the down arrow next to Reboot , then click Reset , or right-click the virtual machine and select Reset from the pop-up menu.

During reboot and reset operations, the Status of the virtual machine changes to Reboot In Progress before returning to Up. The Remove button is disabled while virtual machines are running; you must shut down a virtual machine before you can remove it.

Click Compute Virtual Machines and select the virtual machine to remove. Optionally, select the Remove Disk s check box to remove the virtual disks attached to the virtual machine together with the virtual machine. If the Remove Disk s check box is cleared, then the virtual disks remain in the environment as floating disks. The Clone VM button is disabled while virtual machines are running; you must shut down a virtual machine before you can clone it. Click Compute Virtual Machines and select the virtual machine to clone.

The guest tools are distributed as an ISO file that you can attach to virtual machines. Update the guest agents and drivers on your Enterprise Linux virtual machines to use the latest version. When you need to update the drivers for a Windows virtual machine, the simplest method is to use Windows Update. Updating Windows guest agents and drivers using the command prompt. During this procedure, you must remove and reinstall the drivers, which can lead to network disruption. This procedure restores your settings after reinstalling the drivers.

If you are updating the drivers, on the Windows virtual machine, use the netsh utility to save TCP settings before uninstalling the netkvm driver:. Upload the ISO file to a data domain. To install the guest agents and drivers, or just the drivers, use virtio-win-gt-x Errata for each virtual machine can be viewed after the oVirt virtual machine has been configured to receive errata information from the Red Hat Satellite server.

For more information on configuring a virtual machine to display available errata see Configuring Satellite Errata. As the SuperUser , the system administrator manages all aspects of the Administration Portal. More specific administrative roles can be assigned to other users. These restricted administrator roles are useful for granting a user administrative privileges that limit them to a specific resource.

For example, a DataCenterAdmin role has administrator privileges only for the assigned data center with the exception of the storage for that data center, and a ClusterAdmin has administrator privileges only for the assigned cluster.

A UserVmManager is a system administration role for virtual machines in a data center. This role can be applied to specific virtual machines, to a data center, or to the whole virtualized environment; this is useful to allow different users to manage certain virtual resources. Many end users are concerned solely with the virtual machine resources of the virtualized environment.

As a result, oVirt provides several user roles which enable the user to manage virtual machines specifically, but not other resources in the data center. The table below describes the administrator roles and privileges applicable to virtual machine administration.

Possesses administrative permissions for all objects underneath a specific data center except for storage. Possesses administrative permissions for all objects underneath a specific cluster.

Possesses administrative permissions for all operations on a specific logical network. Can configure and manage networks attached to virtual machines. To configure port mirroring on a virtual machine network, apply the NetworkAdmin role on the network and the UserVmManager role on the virtual machine. The table below describes the user roles and privileges applicable to virtual machine users.

These roles allow access to the VM Portal for managing and accessing virtual machines, but they do not confer any permissions for the Administration Portal. Apply this role to a user for the whole environment with the Configure window, or for specific data centers or clusters. For example, if a PowerUserRole is applied on a data center level, the PowerUser can create virtual machines and templates in the data center.

Can manage virtual machines and create and use snapshots. A user who creates a virtual machine in the VM Portal is automatically assigned the UserVmManager role on the machine. This role is not applied to a specific virtual machine; apply this role to a user for the whole environment with the Configure window. When applying this role to a cluster, you must also apply the DiskCreator role on an entire data center, or on specific storage domains. If the Allow all users to use this Network option was selected when a logical network is created, VnicProfileUser permissions are assigned to all users for the logical network.

Users can then attach or detach virtual machine network interfaces to or from the logical network. If you are creating virtual machines for users other than yourself, you have to assign roles to the users before they can use the virtual machines. Note that permissions can only be assigned to existing users. See Users and Roles in the Administration Guide for details on creating user accounts. However, customized roles can be configured via the Administration Portal.

The default roles are described below. A User can connect to and use virtual machines. This role is suitable for desktop end users performing day-to-day tasks.

A PowerUser can create virtual machines and view virtual resources. This role is suitable if you are an administrator or manager who needs to provide virtual resources for your employees. A UserVmManager can edit and remove virtual machines, assign user permissions, use snapshots and use templates. It is suitable if you need to make configuration changes to your virtual environment.

When you create a virtual machine, you automatically inherit UserVmManager privileges. This enables you to make changes to the virtual machine and assign permissions to the users you manage, or users who are in your Identity Management IdM or RHDS group.

Enter a name, or user name, or part thereof in the Search text box, and click Go. A list of possible matches display in the results list. If a user is assigned permissions to only one virtual machine, single sign-on SSO can be configured for the virtual machine. With single sign-on enabled, when a user logs in to the VM Portal, and then connects to a virtual machine through, for example, a SPICE console, users are automatically logged in to the virtual machine and do not need to type in the user name and password again.

Single sign-on can be enabled or disabled on a per virtual machine basis. See Configuring Single Sign-On for Virtual Machines for more information on how to enable and disable single sign-on for virtual machines. Click Remove. A warning message displays, asking you to confirm removal of the selected permissions. Take a snapshot of a virtual machine before you make a change to it that may have unintended consequences. You can use a snapshot to return a virtual machine to a previous state.

If no disks are selected, a partial snapshot of the virtual machine, without a disk, is created. You can preview this snapshot to view the configuration of the virtual machine. Note that committing a partial snapshot will result in a virtual machine without a disk. The snapshot is created with a status of Locked , which changes to Ok. When you click the snapshot, its details are shown on the General , Disks , Network Interfaces , and Installed Applications drop-down views in the Snapshots tab.

Click the Preview drop-down menu button and select Custom. This allows you to create and restore from a customized snapshot using the configuration and disk s from multiple snapshots. The status of the snapshot changes to Preview Mode. The status of the virtual machine briefly changes to Image Locked before returning to Down. Click Commit to permanently restore the virtual machine to the condition of the snapshot.

Any subsequent snapshots are erased. Alternatively, click the Undo button to deactivate the snapshot and return the virtual machine to its previous state. After a short time, the cloned virtual machine appears in the Virtual Machines tab in the navigation pane with a status of Image Locked. The virtual machine remains in this state until oVirt completes the creation of the virtual machine.

A virtual machine with a preallocated 20 GB hard drive takes about fifteen minutes to create. Sparsely-allocated virtual disks take less time to create than do preallocated virtual disks. If the deletion fails, fix the underlying problem for example, a failed host, an inaccessible storage device, or a temporary network issue and try again.

First, you select one of the cluster hosts and a device type. Then, you choose and attach one or more of the host devices on that host.

When you change the Pinned Host setting, it removes the current host devices. When you finish attaching one or more host devices, you run the virtual machine to apply the changes. The virtual machine starts on the host that has the attached host devices. If the virtual machine cannot start on the specified host or access the host device, it cancels the start operation and produces an error message with information about the cause.

The nvdimm option is a technical preview feature. For more information, see nvdimm host devices. Click OK to attach these devices to the virtual machine and close the window. Click the Edit button. This opens the Edit Virtual Machine pane. In most cases, select scsi-hd. While the virtual machine starts running, watch for Operation Canceled error messages.

If you cannot add a host device to a virtual machine, or a virtual machine cannot start running with the attached host devices, it generates Operation Canceled error messages. For example:. You can fix the error by removing the host device from the virtual machine or correcting the issues the error message describes. Respond to a Cannot add Host devices because the VM is in Up status message by shutting down the virtual machine before adding a host device.

Pinning a Virtual Machine to Multiple Hosts. If you are removing all host devices directly attached to the virtual machine in order to add devices from a different host, you can instead add the devices from the desired host, which will automatically remove all of the devices already attached to the virtual machine. Click the Host Devices tab to list the host devices attached to the virtual machine.

Select the host device to detach from the virtual machine, or hold Ctrl to select multiple devices, and click Remove device. This opens the Remove Host Device s window. You can use the Host Devices tab in the details view of a virtual machine to pin it to a specific host.

If the virtual machine has any host devices attached to it, pinning it to another host automatically removes the host devices from the virtual machine. Click Pin to another host. This opens the Pin VM to Host window. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service-level agreements SLAs and might not be functionally complete, and Red Hat does not recommend using them for production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

Precise sizing is also needed to make memory hotplug work. If those internal arrangements change, it can cause data loss. This combination is currently not expected to be stable until further work is completed. Affinity groups help you determine where selected virtual machines run in relation to each other and specified hosts. This capability helps manage workload scenarios such as licensing requirements, high-availability workloads, and disaster recovery.

When you create an affinity group, you select the virtual machines that belong to the group. To define where these virtual machines can run in relation to each other , you enable a VM Affinity Rule : A positive rule tries to run the virtual machines together on a single host; a negative affinity rule tries to run the virtual machines apart on separate hosts.

If the rule cannot be fulfilled, the outcome depends on whether the weight or filter module is enabled. Optionally, you can add hosts to the affinity group. To define where virtual machines in the group can run in relation to hosts in the group , you enable a Host Affinity Rule : A positive rule tries to run the virtual machines on hosts in the affinity group; a negative affinity rule tries to run the virtual machines on hosts that are not in the affinity group.

With the weight module, the scheduler attempts to fulfill a rule, but allows the virtual machines in the affinity group to run anyway if the rule cannot be fulfilled.

However, if a single host does not have sufficient resources for this, the scheduler runs the virtual machines on multiple hosts. The filter module overrides the weight module.

With the filter module enabled, the scheduler requires that a rule be fulfilled. If a rule cannot be fulfilled, the filter module prevents the virtual machines in the affinity group from running. However, if those hosts are down, the scheduler does not run the virtual machines at all.

To see how these rules and options can be used with one another, see Affinity group examples. An affinity label is functionally the same as an affinity group with a positive Host Affinity Rule and Enforcing enabled.

For affinity labels to work, the filter module section of the scheduling policies must contain Label. If an affinity group and affinity label conflict with each other, the affected virtual machines do not run.

To help prevent, troubleshoot, and resolve conflicts, see Affinity group troubleshooting.

 
 

 

How to: Create Windows Server Bootable USB from ISO to Install OS.

 

To use it permanently, you should purchase it. Evaluation versions of Windows Server must Activate over the internet in the first 10 days to avoid automatic shutdown. Tip: Microsoft released system requirements for Windows Server Essentials editions separately. Facebook Twitter Linkedin Reddit. About The Author. Linda Follow us. A blkdiscard is also called on the logical volume when a virtual disk is removed if the virtual disk is attached to at least one virtual machine with the Enable Discard check box selected.

Click Storage Domains. Select one or more disk images and click Import. This opens the Import Disk s window. You can import floating virtual disks from a storage domain.

Floating disks created outside of a oVirt environment are not registered with the Engine. Scan the storage domain to identify unregistered floating disks to be imported. You can hot plug virtual memory. Each time memory is hot plugged, it appears as a new memory device in the Vm Devices tab in the details view of the virtual machine, up to a maximum of 16 available slots. If the hot plug fails for example, if there are no more available slots , the memory increase will be applied when the virtual machine is restarted.

If you might need to later hot unplug the memory that you are now hot plugging, see Hot Unplugging Virtual Memory. Increase the Memory Size by entering the total amount required. Memory can be added in multiples of MB. By default, the maximum memory allowed for the virtual machine is set to 4x the memory size specified. Though the value is changed in the user interface, the maximum value is not hot plugged, and you will see the pending changes icon.

To avoid that, you can change the maximum memory back to the original value. This action opens the Pending Virtual Machine changes window, as some values such as maxMemorySizeMb and minAllocatedMem will not change until the virtual machine is restarted. However, the hot plug action is triggered by the change to the Memory Size value, which can be applied immediately. You can see the newly added memory device in the Vm Devices tab in the details view. You can hot unplug virtual memory.

Hot unplugging disables devices while a virtual machine is running. The virtual machine must not have a memory balloon device enabled. This feature is disabled by default. In virtual machines running up-to-date versions of Enterprise Linux or CoreOS, this rule is set by default. For more information, see Setting kernel command-line parameters in the RHEL 8 document Managing, monitoring and updating the kernel.

In the Hot Unplug column, click Hot Unplug beside the memory device to be removed. The Physical Memory Guaranteed value for the virtual machine is decremented automatically if necessary. You can hot plug vCPUs. See the table below for support details. Windows virtual machines must have the guest agents installed. Virtual machines can be pinned to multiple hosts. Multi-host pinning allows a virtual machine to run on a specific subset of hosts within a cluster, instead of one specific host or all hosts in the cluster.

The virtual machine cannot run on any other hosts in the cluster even if all of the specified hosts are unavailable. Multi-host pinning can be used to limit virtual machines to hosts with, for example, the same physical hardware configuration. If a host fails, a highly available virtual machine is automatically restarted on one of the other hosts to which the virtual machine is pinned. Select the Specific Host s radio button under Start Running On and select two or more hosts from the list.

Select Low , Medium , or High from the Priority drop-down list. When migration is triggered, a queue is created in which the high priority virtual machines are migrated first.

If a cluster is running low on resources, only the high priority virtual machines are migrated. You can view virtual machines pinned to a host even while the virtual machines are offline.

Use the Pinned to Host list to see which virtual machines will be affected and which virtual machines will require a manual restart after the host becomes active again. Click Compute Hosts. Procedure from the list to eject the CD currently accessible to the virtual machine. Smart cards are an external hardware security feature, most commonly seen in credit cards, but also used by many businesses as authentication tokens. Smart cards can be used to protect oVirt virtual machines.

Click the Console tab and select the Smartcard enabled check box. Connect to the running virtual machine by clicking the Console button. Smart card authentication is now passed from the client hardware to the virtual machine. If the Smart card hardware is not correctly installed, enabling the Smart card feature will result in the virtual machine failing to load properly.

Click the Console tab, and clear the Smartcard enabled check box. Smart cards may require certain libraries in order to access their certificates.

These libraries must be visible to the NSS library, which spice-gtk uses to provide the smart card to the guest. For instance, if you have only the 32b PKCS 11 library available, you must install the 32b build of virt-viewer in order for smart cards to work. Enterprise Linux provides support for Smart cards. Install the Smart card support group. If the Smart Card Support group is installed on a Enterprise Linux system, smart cards are redirected to the guest when Smart Cards are enabled.

Enterprise Linux provides a system-wide registry of pkcs11 modules in the pkit , and these are accessible to all applications. To register the third party PKCS 11 library in the pkit database, run the following command as root:. Libraries that provide PKCS 11 support must be obtained from third parties. When such libraries are obtained, register them by running the following command as a user with elevated privileges:.

You can turn off a virtual machine using Shutdown or Power Off. Shutdown gracefully shuts down a virtual machine. Power Off executes a hard shutdown. A graceful shutdown is usually preferable to a hard shutdown.

If an exclamation point appears next to the virtual machine, a snapshot deletion process has failed, and you may not be able to restart the machine after shutting it down. Try to delete the snapshot again and ensure that the explanation mark disappears before shutting down the virtual machine. See Deleting a snapshot for more information. Click Shutdown or right-click the virtual machine and select Shutdown from the pop-up menu.

Optionally in the Administration Portal, enter a Reason for shutting down the virtual machine in the Shut down Virtual Machine s confirmation window. This allows you to provide an explanation for the shutdown, which will appear in the logs and when the virtual machine is powered on again. The virtual machine shutdown Reason field will only appear if it has been enabled in the cluster settings.

If the virtual machine gracefully shuts down, the Status of the virtual machine changes to Down. If the virtual machine does not gracefully shut down, click the down arrow next to Shutdown and then click Power Off to execute a hard shutdown, or right-click the virtual machine and select Power Off from the pop-up menu. Suspending a virtual machine is equal to placing that virtual machine into Hibernate mode. Click Suspend or right-click the virtual machine and select Suspend from the pop-up menu.

Several situations can occur where you need to reboot the virtual machine, such as after an update or configuration change. If a guest operating system can not be loaded or has become unresponsive, you need to reset the virtual machine.

Click Reboot or right-click the virtual machine and select Reboot from the pop-up menu. Click the down arrow next to Reboot , then click Reset , or right-click the virtual machine and select Reset from the pop-up menu. During reboot and reset operations, the Status of the virtual machine changes to Reboot In Progress before returning to Up. The Remove button is disabled while virtual machines are running; you must shut down a virtual machine before you can remove it.

Click Compute Virtual Machines and select the virtual machine to remove. Optionally, select the Remove Disk s check box to remove the virtual disks attached to the virtual machine together with the virtual machine. If the Remove Disk s check box is cleared, then the virtual disks remain in the environment as floating disks. The Clone VM button is disabled while virtual machines are running; you must shut down a virtual machine before you can clone it. Click Compute Virtual Machines and select the virtual machine to clone.

The guest tools are distributed as an ISO file that you can attach to virtual machines. Update the guest agents and drivers on your Enterprise Linux virtual machines to use the latest version. When you need to update the drivers for a Windows virtual machine, the simplest method is to use Windows Update.

Updating Windows guest agents and drivers using the command prompt. During this procedure, you must remove and reinstall the drivers, which can lead to network disruption.

This procedure restores your settings after reinstalling the drivers. If you are updating the drivers, on the Windows virtual machine, use the netsh utility to save TCP settings before uninstalling the netkvm driver:.

Upload the ISO file to a data domain. To install the guest agents and drivers, or just the drivers, use virtio-win-gt-x Errata for each virtual machine can be viewed after the oVirt virtual machine has been configured to receive errata information from the Red Hat Satellite server.

For more information on configuring a virtual machine to display available errata see Configuring Satellite Errata. As the SuperUser , the system administrator manages all aspects of the Administration Portal.

More specific administrative roles can be assigned to other users. These restricted administrator roles are useful for granting a user administrative privileges that limit them to a specific resource. For example, a DataCenterAdmin role has administrator privileges only for the assigned data center with the exception of the storage for that data center, and a ClusterAdmin has administrator privileges only for the assigned cluster.

A UserVmManager is a system administration role for virtual machines in a data center. This role can be applied to specific virtual machines, to a data center, or to the whole virtualized environment; this is useful to allow different users to manage certain virtual resources. Many end users are concerned solely with the virtual machine resources of the virtualized environment. As a result, oVirt provides several user roles which enable the user to manage virtual machines specifically, but not other resources in the data center.

The table below describes the administrator roles and privileges applicable to virtual machine administration. Possesses administrative permissions for all objects underneath a specific data center except for storage. Possesses administrative permissions for all objects underneath a specific cluster. Possesses administrative permissions for all operations on a specific logical network.

Can configure and manage networks attached to virtual machines. To configure port mirroring on a virtual machine network, apply the NetworkAdmin role on the network and the UserVmManager role on the virtual machine. The table below describes the user roles and privileges applicable to virtual machine users. These roles allow access to the VM Portal for managing and accessing virtual machines, but they do not confer any permissions for the Administration Portal.

Apply this role to a user for the whole environment with the Configure window, or for specific data centers or clusters. For example, if a PowerUserRole is applied on a data center level, the PowerUser can create virtual machines and templates in the data center.

Can manage virtual machines and create and use snapshots. A user who creates a virtual machine in the VM Portal is automatically assigned the UserVmManager role on the machine.

This role is not applied to a specific virtual machine; apply this role to a user for the whole environment with the Configure window. When applying this role to a cluster, you must also apply the DiskCreator role on an entire data center, or on specific storage domains. If the Allow all users to use this Network option was selected when a logical network is created, VnicProfileUser permissions are assigned to all users for the logical network.

Users can then attach or detach virtual machine network interfaces to or from the logical network. If you are creating virtual machines for users other than yourself, you have to assign roles to the users before they can use the virtual machines.

Note that permissions can only be assigned to existing users. See Users and Roles in the Administration Guide for details on creating user accounts. However, customized roles can be configured via the Administration Portal. The default roles are described below. A User can connect to and use virtual machines. This role is suitable for desktop end users performing day-to-day tasks.

A PowerUser can create virtual machines and view virtual resources. This role is suitable if you are an administrator or manager who needs to provide virtual resources for your employees. A UserVmManager can edit and remove virtual machines, assign user permissions, use snapshots and use templates. It is suitable if you need to make configuration changes to your virtual environment. When you create a virtual machine, you automatically inherit UserVmManager privileges.

This enables you to make changes to the virtual machine and assign permissions to the users you manage, or users who are in your Identity Management IdM or RHDS group. Enter a name, or user name, or part thereof in the Search text box, and click Go. A list of possible matches display in the results list. If a user is assigned permissions to only one virtual machine, single sign-on SSO can be configured for the virtual machine.

With single sign-on enabled, when a user logs in to the VM Portal, and then connects to a virtual machine through, for example, a SPICE console, users are automatically logged in to the virtual machine and do not need to type in the user name and password again. Single sign-on can be enabled or disabled on a per virtual machine basis. See Configuring Single Sign-On for Virtual Machines for more information on how to enable and disable single sign-on for virtual machines.

Click Remove. A warning message displays, asking you to confirm removal of the selected permissions. Take a snapshot of a virtual machine before you make a change to it that may have unintended consequences. You can use a snapshot to return a virtual machine to a previous state. If no disks are selected, a partial snapshot of the virtual machine, without a disk, is created.

You can preview this snapshot to view the configuration of the virtual machine. Note that committing a partial snapshot will result in a virtual machine without a disk. The snapshot is created with a status of Locked , which changes to Ok. When you click the snapshot, its details are shown on the General , Disks , Network Interfaces , and Installed Applications drop-down views in the Snapshots tab. Click the Preview drop-down menu button and select Custom.

This allows you to create and restore from a customized snapshot using the configuration and disk s from multiple snapshots. The status of the snapshot changes to Preview Mode. The status of the virtual machine briefly changes to Image Locked before returning to Down. Click Commit to permanently restore the virtual machine to the condition of the snapshot. Any subsequent snapshots are erased.

Alternatively, click the Undo button to deactivate the snapshot and return the virtual machine to its previous state. After a short time, the cloned virtual machine appears in the Virtual Machines tab in the navigation pane with a status of Image Locked. The virtual machine remains in this state until oVirt completes the creation of the virtual machine.

A virtual machine with a preallocated 20 GB hard drive takes about fifteen minutes to create. Sparsely-allocated virtual disks take less time to create than do preallocated virtual disks. If the deletion fails, fix the underlying problem for example, a failed host, an inaccessible storage device, or a temporary network issue and try again.

First, you select one of the cluster hosts and a device type. Then, you choose and attach one or more of the host devices on that host. When you change the Pinned Host setting, it removes the current host devices. When you finish attaching one or more host devices, you run the virtual machine to apply the changes. The virtual machine starts on the host that has the attached host devices.

If the virtual machine cannot start on the specified host or access the host device, it cancels the start operation and produces an error message with information about the cause. The nvdimm option is a technical preview feature. For more information, see nvdimm host devices.

Click OK to attach these devices to the virtual machine and close the window. Click the Edit button. This opens the Edit Virtual Machine pane. In most cases, select scsi-hd. While the virtual machine starts running, watch for Operation Canceled error messages. If you cannot add a host device to a virtual machine, or a virtual machine cannot start running with the attached host devices, it generates Operation Canceled error messages.

For example:. You can fix the error by removing the host device from the virtual machine or correcting the issues the error message describes. Respond to a Cannot add Host devices because the VM is in Up status message by shutting down the virtual machine before adding a host device. Pinning a Virtual Machine to Multiple Hosts. If you are removing all host devices directly attached to the virtual machine in order to add devices from a different host, you can instead add the devices from the desired host, which will automatically remove all of the devices already attached to the virtual machine.

Click the Host Devices tab to list the host devices attached to the virtual machine. Select the host device to detach from the virtual machine, or hold Ctrl to select multiple devices, and click Remove device. This opens the Remove Host Device s window. You can use the Host Devices tab in the details view of a virtual machine to pin it to a specific host.

If the virtual machine has any host devices attached to it, pinning it to another host automatically removes the host devices from the virtual machine. Click Pin to another host. This opens the Pin VM to Host window. Technology Preview features are not supported with Red Hat production service-level agreements SLAs and might not be functionally complete, and Red Hat does not recommend using them for production. These features provide early access to upcoming product features, enabling customers to test functionality and provide feedback during the development process.

Precise sizing is also needed to make memory hotplug work. If those internal arrangements change, it can cause data loss. This combination is currently not expected to be stable until further work is completed. Affinity groups help you determine where selected virtual machines run in relation to each other and specified hosts.

This capability helps manage workload scenarios such as licensing requirements, high-availability workloads, and disaster recovery. When you create an affinity group, you select the virtual machines that belong to the group. To define where these virtual machines can run in relation to each other , you enable a VM Affinity Rule : A positive rule tries to run the virtual machines together on a single host; a negative affinity rule tries to run the virtual machines apart on separate hosts.

If the rule cannot be fulfilled, the outcome depends on whether the weight or filter module is enabled. Optionally, you can add hosts to the affinity group. To define where virtual machines in the group can run in relation to hosts in the group , you enable a Host Affinity Rule : A positive rule tries to run the virtual machines on hosts in the affinity group; a negative affinity rule tries to run the virtual machines on hosts that are not in the affinity group.

With the weight module, the scheduler attempts to fulfill a rule, but allows the virtual machines in the affinity group to run anyway if the rule cannot be fulfilled. However, if a single host does not have sufficient resources for this, the scheduler runs the virtual machines on multiple hosts. The filter module overrides the weight module. With the filter module enabled, the scheduler requires that a rule be fulfilled. If a rule cannot be fulfilled, the filter module prevents the virtual machines in the affinity group from running.

However, if those hosts are down, the scheduler does not run the virtual machines at all. To see how these rules and options can be used with one another, see Affinity group examples.

An affinity label is functionally the same as an affinity group with a positive Host Affinity Rule and Enforcing enabled. For affinity labels to work, the filter module section of the scheduling policies must contain Label. If an affinity group and affinity label conflict with each other, the affected virtual machines do not run. To help prevent, troubleshoot, and resolve conflicts, see Affinity group troubleshooting. For more information, see Scheduling Policies in the Administration Guide.

Affinity groups apply to virtual machines in a cluster. Moving a virtual machine from one cluster to another removes it from the affinity groups in the original cluster. From the VM Affinity Rule drop-down, select Positive to apply positive affinity or Negative to apply negative affinity. Select Disable to disable the affinity rule. Select the Enforcing check box to apply hard enforcement, or ensure this check box is cleared to apply soft enforcement.

Use the drop-down list to select the virtual machines to be added to the affinity group. The affinity policy that applied to the virtual machines that were members of that affinity group no longer applies. The following examples illustrate how to apply affinity rules for various scenarios, using the different features of the affinity group capability described in this chapter.

Dalia is the DevOps engineer for a startup. Adds the two virtual machines, VM01 and VM02 , to the affinity group. Sets VM Affinity to Negative so the virtual machines try to run on separate hosts. Leaves Enforcing cleared disabled so that both virtual machines can continue running in case only one host is available during an outage. Leaves the Hosts list empty so the virtual machines run on any host in the cluster.

Sohni is a software developer who uses two virtual machines to build and test his software many times each day. There is heavy network traffic between these two virtual machines. Running the machines on the same host reduces both network traffic and the effects of network latency on the build and test process.

Adds VM01 and VM02 , the build and test virtual machines, to the affinity group. Adds the high-specification hosts, host03 , host04 , and host05 , to the affinity group. Sets VM affinity to Positive so the virtual machines try to run on the same host, reducing network traffic and latency effects.

Sets Host affinity to Positive so the virtual machines try to run on the high specification hosts, accelerating the process. Leaves Enforcing cleared disabled for both rules so the virtual machines can run if the high-specification hosts are not available. Bandile, a software asset manager, helps his organization comply with the restrictive licensing requirements of a 3D imaging software vendor.

Additionally, the physical CPU-based licensing model requires that the workstations run on either of two GPU-equipped hosts, host-gpu-primary or host-gpu-backup.

To meet these requirements, Bandile creates an affinity group called “3D seismic imaging” and does the following:. Sets VM affinity to Positive and selects Enforcing so the licensing server and workstations must run together on one of the hosts, not on multiple hosts. Sets Host affinity to Positive and selects Enforcing so the virtual machines must run on either of the GPU-equipped the hosts, not other hosts in the cluster.

Understand that an affinity label is the equivalent of an affinity group with a Host affinity rule that is Positive and has Enforcing enabled. Understand that if an affinity label and affinity group conflict with each other, the intersecting set of virtual machines do not run. Otherwise, a conflict is not possible.

Inspect the affinity groups. They must contain a rule that has Enforcing enabled. Inspect the affinity labels and groups. Make a list of virtual machines that are members of both an affinity label and an affinity group with an Enforcing option enabled. For each host and virtual machine in this intersecting set, analyze the conditions under which a potential conflict occurs.

If you have overlapping affinity groups and affinity labels, it can be easier to view them in one place as affinity groups. Consider converting an affinity label into an equivalent affinity group, which has a Host affinity rule with Positive selected and Enforcing enabled.

Affinity labels are used to set hard Enforced positive affinity between virtual machines and hosts. See the Affinity Groups section for more information about affinity hardness and polarity. Labels function identically to a hard positive affinity group, but simplify configuration in certain use cases.

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The official Docker image is available on Docker Hub. You can run the image with the following command:. In addition to the BitTorrent links above, install images can also be downloaded via HTTP from the mirror sites listed below. Please ensure the download image matches the checksum from the md5sums.